Tag: Interview

  • Codex Interview: Kyle Ho

    Codex Interview: Kyle Ho

    Image courtesy of Kyle Ho.

    Our first introduction to British menswear designer Kyle Ho and his eponymous label was at the Zalando Visionary Awards at Nikolaj Kunsthal, an old church-turned-art-gallery, during Copenhagen Fashion Week in January 2026. Born in Hong Kong, where he resided until 2015, he moved to London to pursue his ever-growing interest in fashion.

    Ho’s design language draws inspiration from the clean cuts and high-end tailoring of Savile Row, whilst expressing a certain flamboyancy, redefining his own personal take on masculinity. Ho initially studied to become a fashion stylist before pivoting to fashion design to create his embodiment of the perfect look.
    He embarked upon himself to address the aforementioned flaws he saw in various garments, especially in suits, to produce something that would stand the test of time and be synonymous with Kyle Ho, and his brand – high-quality bespoke tailoring with a flair.

    We also explore his slightly more mysterious side as he takes us deep into the origin of his two latest collections, and the story behind it, whilst we also gain a slight glimpse of what is to come in the future; such as his ready-to-wear plans.

    Please, tell us about yourself.

    I was born and raised in Hong Kong and moved to London about 12 years ago,  in 2015, where I did my BA in fashion styling and production. At the time, I wasn’t really fashion stylist material. The image that I want to create, well, I couldn’t really find that anywhere. So I started making garments myself, and during the final year of my studies, I decided to make a mini collection because I knew for a fact that I wanted to pursue an MA in menswear. I used that project as my portfolio to apply for the MA at LCF, London College of Fashion. At the time, people questioned me because I didn’t have the practical skills, seeing as I hadn’t studied fashion design before. The course leader said that he was a bit concerned about my lack of previous experience. But I told him: “If you take me on board, you will never regret it”. They only picked 20 people for the MA. In a way, I managed to convince myself that being brave, blunt, or straightforward might get me somewhere.

    When was the mini collection created?

    I made it in 2018; it was just part of my final major project for my BA.

    You’re self-taught when it comes to sewing; how did you pick up the interest, and what made you embark on your journey into fashion design?

    I watched a lot of YouTube videos on how to sew; that’s one thing. But how did I become more advanced? I did a few apprenticeships in Savile Row. I started working with a machinist, who taught me all the little tricks to make things very precise and accurate. In honing my patternmaking skills whilst studying for my MA, there was this very good patternmaker from Korea whom I’d constantly ask: “How the hell do I do this?” and so on.

    That made me realise that this is it; I would really like to pursue this. From sketches to the final product, you’re talking about spending hours just to create the perfect silhouette. That is how I started my journey, and to this day, I still watch YouTube tutorials and videos on how to sew.

    The fact that you still watch YouTube videos on sewing actually makes sense, as it is one of those skills that is simple to learn but takes decades to perfect.

    Yes, however, there’s a downside to this. When you set a certain standard due to your own craftsmanship level, it can be difficult to let others chime in because there’s a possibility of having to make certain compromises.

    When you push yourself to learn something too advanced to reach a certain level, you create a habit of no longer wanting to compromise on quality. But from a business perspective, it would eventually bring it down. Let’s say you were to work with a factory and you’d like to upscale; however, they couldn’t uphold the standards you’ve set, and you obviously don’t want to compromise on quality. Eventually, you will have to spend even more money to find a better factory you can work with. Being a very advanced sewer is good for my own sake; however, for my business, it makes me too picky with the quality of our product.

    Do you craft and manufacture all the garments in-house?

    Yes, right now we’ve got four interns that I work with. But I mainly make the clothes myself because it is really challenging for me to outsource.

    Understandably, because the brand is yours, letting go of control can sometimes be quite difficult.

    People will know me for my craftsmanship, and that is the one thing that I will never compromise on. But in the long run, I’ll need to make some compromises. It’s important to find a balance between letting go of control and trusting the manufacturers. At this stage, I don’t want to let go just yet. It’ll happen soon, but not for the moment.

    Do you have a specific forecast or an idea of when you think it will happen?

    Yes, we have a yearly team meeting, and we decided to search for stockists this year. Because we’re very bespoke-focused at the moment, our business model will adapt slightly to focus on ready-to-wear garments. This will be the year to test the waters. 

    That makes sense. We’ve seen that you currently have a small batch of ready-to-wear products on your website.

    Yes, exactly. When you try to scale up and have to work with stockists, you need to produce a lot more. That is our plan for now, and it’ll be in the works for the next six months.

    Will all of the ready-to-wear garments be manufactured in the UK?

    Yes, always. We’re a British fashion brand, so we have to adhere to that and make all our clothes here.

    Will you predominantly focus on your wholesale operations to remain in the UK, or are you more inclined to expand internationally, for example, to Hong Kong?

    I would like to expand internationally, not only in the UK. I don’t think we’ll look into expanding into the US market yet, however.

    Many skilled tailors, such as Sam Melwani and Hari Harilela, came from Hong Kong, and many of the famous shops are still active there, so there is a strong sense of sartorial culture, especially in the post-war period. How did growing up in Hong Kong affect your personal style and taste as well as your outlook on clothes and fashion in general, especially since you predominantly focus on bespoke tailoring?

    Growing up in Hong Kong didn’t really change anything for me. Back in the day, I wasn’t even aware of fashion in general. I come from a traditional Hong Kong family – they expected me to pursue a career in law or medicine, which is very traditional.
    When I attended high school, I actually studied chemistry and economics. I also dabbled in a bit of accounting. This was obviously not something that I wanted to do. Growing up in Hong Kong, I didn’t know much about fashion until I moved to London. That’s when I started to sense the concept of fashion, and that is how I started to get into it. What interested me was very niche in terms of the bespoke or sartorial style. How I started getting into that was because in Hong Kong and even in London, I’ve seen a lot of people wear suits. But the suits wouldn’t fit the wearer most of the time. Then, I walked past Savile Row and admired the way the suits were made there. It gave me a clearer indication of what a good suit was. That is why, when I did my final project for my MA, that collection, I started to look more into human proportions and silhouettes. I asked myself how I could change the male proportions through patternmaking. That is how my journey started. A bad suit will make people look shorter, so I conducted research into Leonardo da Vinci, the Victorian era and finally, the golden ratio. That is how I started tapping into the way of making an anatomically correct suit – where the wearer and the suit become one. That is the concept behind the collection from my finals.

    You’ve studied in both Hong Kong and London; what were the biggest differences between those experiences? And there is a connection between Savile Row in the shared history of creating British-style menswear, so what are your thoughts on that history, if any?

    The biggest difference between Hong Kong and the UK is the educational system. In Hong Kong, you will learn what the tutor teaches. But in London, you learn on your own, which in turn allows you to be more independent. In London, when it comes to studying, there’s a shift in cultural perspective. This “independent studying” is the biggest difference between the two.

    In the UK, they really push you to experiment; you can do nothing wrong as long as you try. Use your hands, get your hands dirty – that’s the mentality here. A lot of the new techniques, or new knowledge in general, will often come from just experimenting.

    It’s a very common theme that in most Asian countries, you will have to do things by the book.

    Yes, and I prefer going against the book. 

    We’ve dug deep into your story; can you tell us about your internship at St. Dupont, Kay Kwok design studio and Handkerchief? How do you think those early apprenticeships shaped you as a designer? Tell us about your accolades between 2012 and 2015 from Hong Kong and London.

    After I graduated from high school, a friend of mine reached out to me about Kay Kwok, which is based in Hong Kong. For a short period of time, I helped him out with basic prints. He graduated from LCF as well; I remember him telling me that I shouldn’t go to LFC until I was rich. He mentioned how much he had spent to study there, which, at the time, scared me quite a bit. The general experience was doing small prints and some administrative work on the side.

    Regarding my time at Handkerchief, they are a conceptual womenswear brand based in Hong Kong, which is very different from what I personally work with. The owner, Amy Cheung, is a very famous artist from Hong Kong. She does not have a fashion background; she’s a fine art artist. Her work is very interesting; everything is based on the concept, but we helped her make it into garments. I worked with Handkerchief for a year, during which I met my manager, who has now become my best friend. After my time there, I had no clue about the technical or practical side of garment making, but because of my art background, I managed to secure my position there, and they taught me how to make my first patterns.

    I actually won the VTC Fashion Show in 2012, and the look was based on Black Swan. At the time, I didn’t know what patterns or patternmaking was, so I applied the fabrics to the mannequin and just worked on the garment from there. Regarding the Whistles Window Display competition, that was actually a fashion styling project. It was a group project, and whoever won the competition would get to showcase their project in a window display. When I partook in the Hankie Bank exhibition, I was an assistant designer. As I mentioned before, Amy Cheung, who was my boss during my time at Handkerchief, did many exhibitions in New York, London, and Hong Kong. She had built a concept called “Hankie Bank” – she had built a monster, which was a metaphor of how it’s essentially inhaling people’s money. 

    How did that affect you as a creative?

    Amy is very philosophical and psychology-oriented; she made me think outside the box. Being a designer and artist is very different, because one profession is very commercial and the other isn’t.

    You’ve mentioned classical music plays a big role in your inspiration. Which classical composers are your favourites? And with your take on masculinity through clothing, would you say that the 18th and 19th century are your key inspirational time-periods?

    I wouldn’t say my inspiration comes from a very specific time period; it’s more about how I interpret clothes during different eras. I sometimes get inspired by, let’s say, an even earlier era, like the 1600s, but of course, also the 1700s and the 1800s. It depends on the way I want to develop the collections. Bringing you back to the initial question, I am quite sentimental for the Baroque era and the music from that time period. I enjoy music composed in the darker eras, as I find the music of both the Baroque and the Renaissance compelling. It really resonates with me. It’s just something that I cannot put my finger on; I find it quite fascinating. Obviously, I cannot travel back in time, but through music from different time periods, you can sort of envision and almost feel present, and experience what it was to be there during those years. That mood I incorporate into my collections.

    How do you conduct your research? There appear to be specific inspirational elements in your latest collection that look like your personal take on, for example, ruff collars.

    To give you some context, I was a lecturer at LCF for two years. A lot of my work is based on academic research and articles. I draw an academic context, which I then translate into a visual language to influence my design. From the academic articles I read, there are particular highlights I pay attention to. That’s the very first stage of my research. So to summarise, I read and study these articles, and that’s how I begin my design process.

    One of your personal mantras is: “You’ve got to push yourself as far as possible, and you don’t stop until you reach the goal.” It feels reminiscent of the attitude many professional athletes express towards their goals, motivating themselves and others. Although the average person may not speak of a designer as such, a designer often shoulders a daunting amount of work. Do you feel that to achieve the highest level of design, there must be an overcoming of difficulties, both internally and externally? How do you push yourself to reach the level that you aspire to, not only in terms of your brand and your designs, but also as a person, in one of the toughest and most competitive industries in the world?

    If I don’t push myself, it means that I am not really evolving. I actually read a lot of books to help motivate and inspire myself. I also think that if you don’t push yourself, you will never get to experience the universe’s potential reward for your hard work and dedication. Whether it’s a brand or a person, you should never stop trying, as stagnation will eventually catch up to you and you will never truly become who you are meant to be. If you compare the first-ever collection I made to the most recent one, you can tell the difference in terms of craftsmanship and design. That is the result of hard work and many years of me trying to be better every day. I also believe that, if you’re not emotionally invested in your work, it will automatically stagnate. You need to feel a certain passion for something because if you don’t, your work will remain just that: work.

    Could you tell us about some of the books that inspire or motivate you in life?
    I tend to read a lot of books with emotional or psychological topics. Authors that I’ve been reading lately are Carl Jung, Sigmund Freud, and Michel Foucault. I usually read their work.

    These authors cover a lot of psychological and emotional topics. Would you say these are some of your key inspirations for your work?

    I think they influence me a lot when I write the book about the narrative of my collections, or the story of Louis, to be specific. They are big inspirations for my collections, in that sense. But I wouldn’t say they were as influential in earlier stages of my career or life in general. 

    Your chapter one collection, “Love, Louis”, explores egocentrism and narcissism, and the second chapter, “Goodbye, Martin”, digs deep into the complex experiences of love, such as whether to hold onto someone or to let go. Your work appears to explore a palette of human emotions through design, demonstrating how emotions can be invoked through storytelling and design. What made you pursue this type of storytelling, and what message would you like to convey through it? What does exploring human emotions mean to you?

    My process for starting chapters one, two, and three came through writing my own fiction. Every collection that I’ve made is based on the fictional story that I’ve created. The narrative isn’t based on a personal experience per se, but there are some minor elements that I’ve experienced that I’ve incorporated into the story. 
    The narrative is still ongoing, so I am not sure what the ending will be. When I presented my first chapter, “Love, Louis”, people found it quite fascinating.  The story is based on Louis, an antique collector and is set in the 1950s in Saint-Germain, Paris, so it’s a very specific location. I am not sure why I chose this specific area, but I love the culture there because it transports you back in time. I am going to give you more context regarding the story. Louis lives a double life – he is Louis the antique collector during the day, but a different person at night. As an observer, you’re not quite sure what Louis truly is. Chapter one was very Louis-focused; through the design, I explained some details regarding Louis. For more context, he’s obviously French, he works with antique goods, and he’s heavily sex-driven at night and is very primal. He loves partaking in different sexual acts with different people. The story is quite dark, so he’s essentially a predator looking for prey at night, hunting for men to sleep with. Due to his strong sexual nature, I’d refer to him as a “nightwalker”.

    Chapter two: “Goodbye, Martin”, tells us the story of how Louis met someone that he fell in love with, which was against his own nature. Because the previous encounters Louis had with other men had all been very casual, he sees men almost like objects rather than people. There are no emotional attachments involved at all. Before he knew it, he met Martin. Set during a time period where same-sex marriage and relationships were deemed illegal, Louis still decided to propose to Martin, who, in the end, says no. Louis suffers from some type of obsessive disorder, almost like OCD. Louis later asks Martin why he turned down his proposal, to which he tells Louis, “I know what and who you are”. Louis later decides to take Martin’s life and preserves his remains. That is why I decided to name chapter two: “Goodbye, Martin”. The collection was presented at St. Marylebone Parish Church; the idea is that Louis attends his and Martin’s wedding, whilst simultaneously attending Martin’s funeral. 

    How many chapters are you planning to write? Is this something that you’d like to turn into a book which you can later publish?

    At the moment, I don’t know. My thoughts and feelings from certain periods of time are translated into the story I am writing, which serves as inspiration for my collections.

    Have you recently, based on the story of chapter two, let go of someone close to you?
    No. My head is just spinning, and is filled with different ideas. I’ve found solace and comfort in writing because otherwise, I will just forget. Most of what I write actually comes from my dreams when I am asleep. I write these stories with a heavily psychological perspective. Regarding the number of chapters, I can’t actually tell you how many I will write, but chapter three comes out this September.

    Will the collection be presented in London?

    Yes, we haven’t gone into much detail regarding it yet. The collection will be our debut runway, so I have six months to prepare. Chapter three will be very exciting. I don’t think anyone will be expecting what we have in store for the collection.

    Being able to write your own story is already extremely difficult, but doing so and also designing garments and creating collections that adhere to it is even harder. In a way, you’ve created a narrative which might be slightly restrictive in terms of your design language for these collections. On the other hand, that possible restriction might help you evolve as a designer, as you will have to be more creative in your process for cohesiveness. 

    Yes, before I presented chapter two, I remember telling people it was in the works. I was told it was “fucking genius” – because every season feels like people were watching a series on Netflix. The entire narrative is very long, so if you want to know what is to happen next, you will have to watch the shows. People are very curious about the story behind Louis, who he is, and how the next season is going to unfold.

    Adding human names to the collection title is a great way to create excitement, because it’ll automatically make for a sense of affection or attachment to the fictional characters.

    I am sending you an image from the latest show invitation. The fingerprint that you can see on the invitation is actually Louis’. Most of the time, these details are overlooked, but if you have a keen eye, you can see the fingerprint in the wax seal on the envelope. The idea is for Louis to leave his signature, or to “seal the deal”, adding Martin to his personal collection. The first collection took place in the 1950s, whereas part two takes place in the 1960s. I have a lot to say regarding that collection, and it feels like I can finally tell the world about the story I am trying to convey. 

    Obviously, same-sex relationships were deemed illegal back in the day, and yet Louis proposed to Martin. Has that part of the story been told, or is it something that we’ll discover in future collections?

    In the book, I decided to write about why Louis had the courage to do so. It is more so to do with Louis’ ever-growing obsessive personality; he wanted to turn Martin into his own, no one else could have him, he wanted to make him into his own personal belonging. They obviously couldn’t go to church to get married, but a metaphorical wedding would ensure Martin would belong to Louis.  The opening look of the collection is a white suit, which stands for the marriage, whilst the closing look is a black mourning dress to emphasise the funeral. I personally can’t tell people the full narrative because, as I mentioned, it is a very dark story, and it might be a tough pill to swallow for some people to read. At the beginning, when I started writing the book, the first chapter was the backstory of Louis. The second chapter is about the killing; however, chapters three and four, I cannot disclose it to the public yet.

    There will be at least four chapters that follow Louis’ story, then? 

    At least four chapters, yes. It feels good to finally be able to tell the story and the narrative behind my work. Because if you look at some details from chapter one, for example, there are earrings and cufflinks, which are essentially memorabilia, that Louis collected from the many different partners he had.

    Who, or what, are your inspirations outside of fashion? What motivates you?

    There’s a book I haven’t actually finished yet, Eroticism by Georges Bataille. Another book that has inspired me is actually design-inspired; it has helped me to think outside the box: Ex-formation by Kenya Hara, a Japanese author. Japanese design philosophy is actually quite different to Western design philosophy.


    Finally, what is up next for you and your namesake label? What are your ambitions and goals? Hypothetically, if you had one outlandish dream, what would it be and why?

    I want to get recognition for my work, maybe not on the same scale as Lee McQueen, but I want people to recognise the craftsmanship of our work. Obviously, I’d like to build my own brand empire, but if I were to dream big, I want my name to be synonymous with high quality and to be recognised as the person who has pushed the boundaries of menswear.

    Written by Jesper Green

    Edited by Wonne Scrayen

  • Codex Interview: Gracia Ventus

    Codex Interview: Gracia Ventus

    Gracia Ventus side profile

    Image courtesy of Gracia Ventus

    Our exclusive interview with ROSEN and ROSEN-X founder, Gracia Ventus, explores her fascination with Japanese designers, growing up with strangers, her studies abroad, her relationship with writing, and much more.

    Ventus grew up in Indonesia before being sent to Singapore. She eventually ended up in Shanghai where she started her own label in 2017. Knowing that she’d like to pursue a career in fashion entrepreneurship, she studied business rather than fashion to get a better understanding of how to operate a business.

    My first encounter with Ventus was through a series of tweets by Derek Guy talking about lesser-known designers who make excellent clothes. It was something about the distinct design language and the comments on various forums about the brand that convinced me to pull the trigger on my first garment from her, a pair of Hakama trousers.

    Whilst normally a very private person, we’ve had the opportunity and the privilege to interview her to gain a better insight into her personal life and the person behind ‘therosenrot’ and ROSEN. 

    This interview was conducted in writing and has been loosely edited to maintain her own writing style and authenticity.

    As a writer, what has your relationship with language been like? At what age did words take on a significance for you? And what specific themes and topics have been interesting to you throughout that journey? Are there recurring ones? What has been your emotional experience with words, whether your own or those of others?

    I write out of my love for reading. As with fashion design, I am a conduit of ideas. I absorb other people’s thoughts, filter them through my own observations and experiences, then reinterpret them. I was born and raised in a bilingual environment in Jakarta, speaking Indonesian in school and Hakka at home, supplemented by rudimentary English and Mandarin from after-school classes. At the age of ten, I was sent to Singapore to continue my education. In the house I shared with a few other Indonesian children under the guardianship of a stranger, far from our families, was a library of books ranging from Enid Blyton, Roald Dahl and J.R.R. Tolkien, amongst many others. It was then that I began reading out of boredom. I started my first year in Singapore as a fifth grader. The English syllabus required frequent writing exercises in class, or “compositions”, as they preferred to call them. I had no idea what it meant to do a piece of ‘writing’ before then, but I plugged away with variations of mischievous children getting in and out of trouble, or of children discovering their inner fortitude. Half a year went by uneventfully before my English teacher read one of my compositions aloud to the class. As a child dissociated from all semblance of home and family, newly arrived in a foreign culture, being given credit where it was most unexpected did wonders for the subconscious mind. That encouragement probably paved the way for confidence, which fuelled my affinity for literature and writing. Within a year, I had largely abandoned my two primary languages, switching to English for all classes and conversations, with Mandarin on the side. Over the course of my studies, my writing shifted from storytelling towards argumentative essays. I enjoyed the logical process of coming to a rational conclusion in a debate, or exploring possible outcomes out of variables and parameters that were being presented. In university, I learned the process of supporting conclusions with evidence, which paved the way for substantiating my personal writing on fashion with studies and literature reviews from journal articles and published books. I do my best to not pull facts out of thin air. Every piece of writing is a reflection of my integrity. Words are powerful, and we must wield them responsibly.

    What is the significance of Rosen and its variations to you — in terms of name, image, concept for the brand and so on? Were there alternative names or variations in mind? 

    ROSEN was taken from the online moniker that I have been associated with for a decade, which itself was based on a song by a German industrial band. I wanted a name that was easy to remember and could also be easily translated into Chinese through a homophonic rendering. There were other names being considered, but I no longer remember them.

    You have been running an independent fashion label since 2017. Before that, you had prior experience with selling vintage garments. What were some lessons you took from that earlier experience into the operations of your brand? For example, how was your design philosophy and interest influenced by the vintage pieces you sourced? And has that relationship between vintage garments and your own evolved since? How does it feel to have spent 8 years on this journey?

    My design philosophy and the vintage clothes I used to buy and sell stem from my personal aesthetic preferences. They deviate from mainstream beauty standards, but are also intriguing to those who are curious. And most importantly, they stand outside the flow of time. There are two important lessons I learned from my former business: how to create quality while breaking conventional rules of construction, and more importantly, how to exceed expectations the moment the customer handles the garment. That feeling of surprise and delight is what I aim to deliver. The tactility of a garment begins with the fabric and its hidden interfacing, followed by all the trims and finishes. Whether light or heavy, soft or structured, a garment must serve its purpose and occasion. One also learns how to walk the balance between weight and drape so that a hefty garment does not tire the wearer, and a light garment does not feel cheap when handled. With each collection I make, I learn a new construction method, gain a deeper understanding of existing rules and how to break them, or learn how to handle a new material. With each passing year of running this manufacturing-centric business, I have come to understand how primary and secondary industries drive the real global economy, how valuable human capital is in manufacturing, and how differing economic systems influence the geopolitics we see today. The global tension we see right now is the consequence of financial capital increasingly failing to maintain its dominance over the rest of the world, while the producers of tangible goods and services gain prominence by providing value that people actually seek out.

    You studied Commerce in Monash. What was the significance of that course of study to you, whether in the choice of classes or what you learnt from them, and how did it situate itself within the rest of your life? For example, does it reflect an interest from childhood? What about your studies in London?

    Before enrolling in university, I knew that I wanted to be an entrepreneur in the fashion industry. I chose not to enrol in a fashion degree because I was aware that my personal interest would motivate me to study all aspects of the subject independently. What I needed instead was a rigid learning environment in which to study how the commercial world operates, for two reasons. The first was to reduce reliance on others when starting a business. The second was to fill as many gaps in my ignorance as possible, leaving little room for others to take advantage of me should I encounter bad actors. Fashion is a business. In university, I chose subjects that would help me navigate business operations, such as international economics, marketing and the study of human behaviour, while eschewing in- depth studies in banking and finance, as I was never fond of the parasitical nature of those industries. In London, I took additional business classes alongside philosophy, which over time helped me think more logically. During my time there, I also examined the feasibility of establishing an independent fashion business without external capital injection or government support. All the education I received has provided a basic understanding of how labour converts into goods and services, the importance of efficient logistics and supply chains, as well as the barriers to trade in different countries and trading blocs. Europe was undoubtedly a utopia for employment with fashion conglomerates, but I felt it was not conducive for independent players with little capital or connection to build a company from the ground up. The drive for entrepreneurship ultimately brought me back to Asia.

    Which blogs and writers do you enjoy? Which of them, if any, had an effect in your decision to begin publishing your own essays online? Or was that an independent decision based on another desire or influence? Has your relationship with reading the works of others, especially contemporaries, changed over the years?

    I don’t recall reading fashion blogs much, as they rarely offer the kind of primary research that I base my writing on. In the beginning, I enjoyed looking at street-style blogs such as The Sartorialist or Bill Cunningham, which spurred me to document my own personal styling attempts. I began writing in depth about fashion theory after reading scholarly fashion journals and books on fashion studies, mostly written in the 1980s and 1990s, which I still keep to this day. Books by Dr. Joanne Entwistle and Elizabeth Wilson helped me study fashion from a sociological and theoretical perspective. I am less interested in treating it purely as an art form than in examining it through cultural and economic lenses. These perspectives help explain our consumption habits and the behaviour of the industry itself. These days, I have moved on from reading about fashion to focus on literature. I am fond of Fyodor Dostoevsky, Jun’ichirō Tanizaki, amongst many others, including more recent authors such as David Foster Wallace. Literary authors have played a larger role in shaping my writing in recent years.

    For those with less knowledge about China and its fashion industry, could you explain your decision to design and produce your brand in Shanghai? What is your experience with the Chinese market and customer base? How has the proximity to China affected your design philosophy and research? And what do you wish people understood better about China?

    Before moving to China, I had not the slightest inclination to design my own clothes, let alone create an entire clothing brand. It was only after moving here that I realised how accessible garment manufacturing can be. The barrier to entry in monetary terms is relatively low. Anyone with an idea can eventually find freelance skilled professionals who can bring it to life, along with fabric and trim suppliers who require little to no minimum orders. What separates successful brands from the stragglers is the ability to build robust manufacturing and marketing networks once the initial excitement fades. In the early stages, being resourceful often matters more than having large amounts of capital. Chinese fashion consumers behave differently from their Western counterparts. Competition is fierce, partly because consumers are accustomed to extreme convenience, with lightning-fast delivery and lax return policies. Younger consumers either buy inexpensive goods, often impulsively, or spend heavily on viral statement pieces. Between these extremes lies a large group influenced by celebrity culture. Affluent customers, however, prefer the conventional luxury experiences: private retail environments, attentive service and intimate runway events where purchases can be made immediately. When brands meet their expectations consistently, loyalty tends to follow. Though they are less swayed by trends, they remain aware of them, and are not afraid to experiment. For these reasons, starting a clothing brand in China can be relatively easy, but succeeding in the Chinese market without significant capital or manpower is extremely difficult. From a design perspective, running a business in China is creatively stimulating. Fabric merchants constantly update their inventory, so I am never short of beautiful materials. Fierce domestic competition keeps me on my toes, ensuring that I never take my work for granted and always strive to improve. Manufacturers and skilled workers are constantly updating their knowledge in order to remain competitive, which in turn allows designers to bring complex ideas to life. China itself is a well of cultural capital from which to draw inspiration. I was moved by the sight of giant tapestries in Tibetan monasteries. I found solace in the hilly tea plantations of Hangzhou, before descending onto the stone bridge that cuts across West Lake, looking at the same scenery that was painted a thousand years ago. Witnessing technological innovation and the wonders of large-scale civil engineering juxtaposed against beautiful natural landscapes across the country creates an optimism about the future of humanity, which in turn motivates me to create. Living in China also opens one’s eyes to a different system of thinking, from grassroots society to national politics. Despite being ethnically Chinese and understanding the language, I realised that when I possessed only a toddler’s understanding of China’s history, culture, regional differences and political movements upon arriving here ten years ago. It is thus a pity that as US hegemony is being challenged economically, a significant propaganda campaign amounting to more than billions of dollars has been mounted to obfuscate people about China. This has unfortunately given rise to ignorance within the economically anxious. It has also created a class of social media commentators who profit from spreading misinformation, many of whom eventually become believers in their own narratives. As a result, political pundits often appear genuinely surprised whenever positive developments emerge from the country. Most importantly, many young people remain unaware of the opportunities China offers because they are inundated with fear-driven narratives. China’s state-directed economic planning keeps public services such as housing, healthcare and public transport affordable. When the government subsidises the cost of public goods, the cost of doing business comes down significantly because ordinary people are not weighed down by debts they have to repay. On top of that, the Chinese system adopts a laissez-faire approach to small businesses so they can operate with comparatively little bureaucratic red tape. This combination has proven more conducive to grassroots entrepreneurship than the other systems I have experienced firsthand. With that said, living here does not automatically translate into a true understanding of a country as vast as China. Ultimately, it depends on the level of open-mindedness and intellectual curiosity each individual brings with them.

    What is your design process? In preparing for a new collection, how does the creative and manufacturing process begin and end? Can you describe the research methods you have found and refined over the years? How do you know when a garment is ready to go-to-market? What have been the worst setbacks in production and how did you feel and overcome them?

    My design process has no definite beginning nor end. New ideas appear in my mind every few days, which I store away mentally until I am ready to begin sampling. These ideas usually revolve around a particular silhouette, a type of garment, or a fabric. A collection begins to take shape when several of these ideas coalesce into complementary pieces that can be produced using similar materials or colours. Often, it can begin with a single hero product, around which the rest of the garments are designed. A garment is ready when it fits well and possesses the right balance between weight and structure. Major setbacks usually occur when the final sample fails to perform or fit as intended during testing, often due to pattern or material issues. Each setback becomes a valuable lesson. Over time, I have learned to gauge the feasibility of a pattern, the suitability of a fabric, and how a garment will sit on the body simply by handling the material. This intuition significantly reduces the time required for research and development.

    Having studied abroad for years, what is your reflection on that experience? How has it shaped your desires in life? And as an Indonesian Chinese, what is your relationship now with Indonesia and your upbringing there? How has it affected your relationship with Chinese culture and language too? What are the feelings associated with that history?

    I have lived in five countries and experienced different economic systems, cultures and ways of life. Driven by my childhood ambition to run my own business, I would evaluate each place according to its suitability for establishing a fashion business by considering its manufacturing capacity, logistics, bureaucratic barriers and taxation. It is also important for me to consider the cultural compatibility between my own values and those of the wider society. I have also found that living in places with a slower pace of life kills the fire for creativity and competitive spirit in me. For many Chinese Indonesians, there exists an implicit understanding of our precarious position in the country. In the 1960s, caught in the CIA- and MI6- backed anti-communist genocide, thousands of ethnic Chinese were massacred, many by their own neighbours. Many more businesses and homes were burned, including those of my grandparents. Both of my parents, each of whom grew up in families with nine siblings, were brought up in poverty as a result, until my father gradually climbed the socio-economic ladder in his adult years. For the next forty years, forced assimilation policies banned Chinese cultural practices, including the use of Chinese names on official documents. In the late 1990s, widespread looting and riots once again broke out, this time specifically targeting the Chinese communities. I witnessed the violence unfolding on television. My family and I had to leave our home out of fear that the looters would arrive in our neighbourhood. A few days later, when we believed that things had calmed down, we made a visit to a relative’s home. I remembered then how the taxi driver who took our fare told us to “go back”. It was only some years later I realised he was telling us to go back to China. Despite my father’s gentle rebuttal that our family had lived in Indonesia for generations, the driver kept repeating the phrase like a broken radio. Less than a year later, my parents sent me to Singapore to further my studies, while the rest of my family moved to Malaysia. In the last few years, racial relations has seen signs of improvements, although tensions can still resurface at the drop of a hat. Nevertheless, I do enjoy visiting the country whenever I can, and I remain hopeful for its economic progress. Despite my abrupt departure, there are parts of me that remain staunchly Indonesian. We are generally soft-spoken and polite, often to a fault, and I try to maintain this trait wherever I go. Food also plays an important role in my life, as it does for many Indonesians. I may be biased, but I personally rank Indonesian cuisine to be the best in the world. I am fortunate to have parents who prioritised education, insisting that I spoke our mother tongue at home while also sending me to language classes outside of school, thereby building the foundation of my nomadism. Despite the political restrictions of the time, my parents found a Chinese tutor, sending me to her classes at the age of six. They had the foresight that China would become a major economic power and wanted to prepare my future self for that reality. This was more than three decades ago, when the country was still widely perceived as poor and underdeveloped. Because of their efforts in exposing me to multiple languages at an early age, I was able to adapt relatively smoothly when I began studying in Singapore. That experience eventually became the stepping stone to higher education in Western institutions, and later living and working in China with minimal language barrier. Their determination to preserve our cultural identity also spared me from developing deep anxieties about my ethnicity. I have never felt inadequate for being different wherever I go. As a result, I do not feel compelled to abandon my values in order to fit in, nor do I expect others to compromise theirs for me.

    What are your thoughts on ambition? As someone with wide ranging interests and modes of self-expression, is there a pathology to your efforts in the world? In other words, what compels you to create new things? Can you explain your history with creativity and its nature within your work? How does it feel to create something new?

    Ambition is like the rudder of a ship; without it, we are merely vessels tossed around in the ocean of life, prone to being carried away by the whims of others. As cheesy as it may sound, one must be the captain of one’s own life or risk turning into a Kafkaesque bug. The impetus to create comes from within. I absorb the things I see, which are funnelled into my mental processes and eventually manifest as ideas that I feel compelled to bring into the world. Once an idea has been materialised, whether as a garment or in writing, there is always more waiting in my mind that I must act upon. On top of that, there are always new construction methods, fabrics and silhouettes to explore. There are new issues to be explored as our world changes in the blink of an eye. The drive to create exists like a fire that refuses to die. Inspiration comes along when it wants to, in large part due to the dynamic environment that I live in, being sent new fabric samples every other month and consuming different forms of aesthetics to keep my mind stimulated, whether through film, music or literature. My proclivity for the arts began at a young age when I took drawing lessons. I enjoyed doodling and colouring, which eventually led me to major in illustration and photography during my pre-university diploma years. The initial stage of creation is always easy. To see it to completion as a finished product is extremely difficult. It requires determination to overcome self-doubt and insecurity. In the end, releasing a finished work into the world can feel as cruel as throwing a part of oneself into the lion’s den.

    In your affinity for Japanese designers such as Rei Kawakubo and Junya Watanabe, whose clothes often obfuscate and subvert the image of human bodies, does a tension exist alongside your affinity for nature and travel? In another way, what are your thoughts on exercise, musculature and anatomy in relation to making clothes that seek to hide and transform such silhouettes? Does such a question hold any significance to you, especially with regards to your sportswear offerings and use of performance textiles in ROSEN-X?

    The clothes of Rei Kawakubo, as well as those of her peers and protégés, are designed primarily for urban environments, often defined by affluence and order. Aesthetically, they feel at home in liminal areas such as airports, sparsely decorated museums or empty corridors where the flow of time seems suspended. Whether those garments feel equally at home in natural settings, such as villas or hot springs in a mountainous village, is another question. In this context, I think Issey Miyake does that better than the others, perhaps because the label continues to explore natural materials and traditional silhouettes. When strenuous activity is involved, different types of clothing become more appropriate. This line of thinking eventually led to the creation of ROSEN-X. ROSEN-X was designed with an active lifestyle in mind; they are garments that can toggle between work and leisure in urban settings, while also accommodating exercise and outdoor exploration without appearing out of place. Outside of work and home, the place where I spend most of my time is the gym. Exercise benefits both the body and the mind. Achieving physical goals that once seemed impossible builds self-esteem. My personal aim is to maintain bodily strength and cardiovascular health as I age, while also preserving my ideal physique. I do not see the concealing silhouettes of my designs as being in conflict with physical fitness. Fitness and physique are private matters; we are not obliged to display them to the world. The creation of ROSEN-X has less to do with exposing the body and more with facilitating a modern lifestyle that involves movement and physical exertion. On a deeper level, it is an auto-biographical representation of the person I was growing up: a competitive-student athlete, a fence-climbing short-haired tomboy, a rebellious teenager playing the drums. Much of my youth was spent channeling my violent energy and internal rage into productive, pro-social outlets, which in many ways I continue to do today.

    What is the significance of history to you? In your collections for ROSEN, you often present the pieces alongside a strong sense of geography and narrative, whether textually or visually. What is the significance of highlighting time and place in such ways? Is it fair to say that ROSEN represents a kind of life or worldview you wish to have for yourself, carved outwards into the external world?

    History is a lesson and, at times a fiction, that must be examined critically because it shapes our reality, and we are all products of it. I am deeply interested in human behaviour and understanding why individuals, societies and nations act the way they do. Studying events from the 18th century onwards, such as the Industrial Revolution, or the rise and fall of Qing Dynasty, can provide valuable context for many of the global tensions we see today. Having the ability to parse conflicting information is essential for identifying workable solutions during times of uncertainties. The narratives that accompany my collections, whether visual or textual, are a glimpse into the places I have travelled to and the knowledge I have absorbed from reading and observing. I have come across aesthetics that are largely overlooked by mainstream fashion, many of which have resonated with my design language. The enrichment of my visual dictionary continues to shape my work to this day. I believe it is important to shine a light on these sources of knowledge as a form of appreciation and gratitude.

    What is the significance of black to you? It features often in your collections as part of monochromatic clothes set against more colourful backdrops of historical and urban landscapes. Does the influence of Japanese designers such as Rei Kawakubo and Yohji Yamamoto take hold here? Or do you have other reasons for the choice of black? If so, what is your personal history with those reasons?

    Black is aggressively protective, but is also practical. It hides stains and marks, which is useful for someone like me who often works in labour-intensive tasks. Before there was any inkling of aptitude for fashion, music was my primary artistic outlet. I was a drummer throughout the later half of my school years, playing for several bands. The music I gravitated towards was heavy metal as it spoke to my personal experiences and internalised rage. The heavier sub-genres, such as industrial, power metal, metalcore, embody intense energy riddled with manifestations of anger, brutalism, nihilism and despair. Musicians of these genres tend to gravitate towards black as the unofficial uniform, though each individual sees its symbolism in different ways. What started as a rebellion against the psychedelic colours of the 1960s has evolved into symbols of transgressions against mainstream Western culture, as well as a nod to what ultimately comes for us all, death and decay. It is perhaps not coincidental that postwar Japanese designers, who perhaps are carrying the collective memory of annihilation and subjugation, also found refuge in the colour of mourning and rebellion. To this day I continue to listen to the music that has shaped me, and I find comfort in black much in the same way that I find comfort in music.

    In choosing to be the public face of your own brand, how has your relationship with the private and public versions of yourself evolved over the years? Has it been desirable for you to create distance between these two selves? To you, what is the significance in being the public face of ROSEN, such as modelling in your own collections? What do you want people to understand about you in relation to your brand? How does it feel to be perceived this way?

    Aside from sharing aspects of my background and personal history, I remain cautious about revealing too much of my day-to-day life. In recent years, I have become even more reserved in that regard. I do not publicly share my personal frustrations; they are my own burdens to carry. However, I am willing to share personal insights or advice when asked. Using myself as a model in the early stages of the brand was a practical decision to familiarise my customer base with my new design venture. Over time, as people began to associate me with the brand, I hope that what they see represents the pursuit of uncommon aesthetics and uncompromising quality. Eventually, I will introduce new faces to represent the brand. There will come a day when age inevitably catches up with me. I feel fortunate that the visual identity I have cultivated, from my signature hairstyle to the colour of my nails, has helped carry the narrative of the brand.

    Do you have recurring collaborators for your brands? What is the nature of your contribution at ROSEN and ROSEN-X? For example, do you have a team behind you? Briefly-speaking, who are they and what are their stories? Do you have intentions to scale the company in the future? And what is your leadership style at its helm?

    Whenever possible, I prefer to work with the same people, whether in manufacturing or media production. Running a fashion business is not a solitary endeavour. It takes a village to make a garment and another to communicate its existence to the world. The work inevitably involves complications, many of which cannot be predicted until they arise. For this reason, building a network of collaborators who understand my vision and working style is essential. It reduces misunderstandings, frustrations and unnecessary time spent learning how to work together. That said, I am always open to exploring new collaborations with different tailors or workshops. However, much like hiring new employees, there must be a trial period to evaluate expectations and standards before entrusting them with complex orders. Once a strong working relationship is established, half the battle of running a design business is won. On the media production side, I have a small core team of models, photographers and assistants who understand my aesthetic. They know what I want and can deliver it without requiring extensive explanation. I have always grown the business organically. What started in a single-bedroom apartment has grown to its present size today without outside investments nor advertising. I am far more interested in honing my design language, production quality and maintaining a healthy profit margin rather than building revenue under a deadline, which often results in larger liabilities and expenses. I don’t subscribe to the model of forced scaling up that is trendy in the tech industry. My long-term aim is to nurture and grow the brand in a financially sustainable manner. There is plenty of room for growth and development for the business, it simply does not need to be carried out at an artificial pace. My leadership style is rather hands-off. I set the tasks, deliverables, quality standards and timeline; how they are executed is up to the individual. Hence the people who work with me have to be independently-motivated rather than needing to be watched constantly.

    Have you felt pressure as a founder? What keeps you invested in the effort and time it takes to refine and perfect a collection to the standards you desire? Do you have any regrets on choosing fashion as a career? If not, what else occupies your time outside of fashion? Are there other interests you have? How else would you like to see and actualise your life?

    Leading a company is inherently stressful because others depend, or at least in part, on my decisions for their livelihood. I must set the agenda for the week, month and year, both for myself and for the company. No one else can do it for me. At the same time, every mistake ultimately becomes my responsibility, even if it originates elsewhere. What drives me, and I believe it is common in creatives, to perfect every collection is my obsessive personality. I cannot rest well knowing that there are mistakes to be corrected, or that I have not made each piece to the best of my ability. I am also willing to sacrifice designs that do not work, rather than allow them to weaken the overall collection. I have no regrets in doing what I do. If anything, it still feels like a dream. I have always wanted to be an entrepreneur before I was a teen, and I knew it would be in fashion by the time I was twenty. What I did not anticipate was becoming a designer myself. Proper garment manufacturing had once seemed inaccessible without industry connections or significant capital. It was only after moving to China that the possibility became tangible. My only other desire in life is to buy a large estate somewhere in China when the time is ready, once I have explored enough cities to choose the right place, with the hopes of converting it into a refuge for stray cats who are unable to survive on their own, either due to long-term sickness or injury.

    When you think of the future, what do you see? Likewise, when you think of the past, what do you see? How do you see yourself at this time in your life? What are your dreams for ROSEN and for yourself?

    The present is always rife with challenges, some of which can feel insurmountable. The work never ends and one can never truly rest. When the going gets too tough, I remind myself of the period after I graduated during the global financial crisis, when I spent six months unable to find work in the fashion industry. Facing the onset of depression, I took fate into my own hands and decided that I would never again depend on others for my livelihood. That decision led to years of navigating an ocean of uncertainties as I chart the course of entrepreneurship. There was little guidance and certainly no mentorship. A few years later, having made a comfortable life for myself trading archive garments, I made another life-altering decision: to experiment with designing my own garments. The first collection consisted of four shirts and a coat. There is no formula for what I’m doing. I am crossing the river by feeling the stones. Knowing that I have been able to sustain both my livelihood and those of others through these decisions helps put present challenges into perspective. What once felt like mountains now appear more like hills. In the near future, I expect to see a deceleration of growth amid increasing instability. But it is under the auspices of chaos that the rules of the game are rewritten. When old guards fall, new ones inevitably emerge. I see this as an opportunity to evolve and elevate our designs so that when the world settles on a new paradigm, we will be ready for it.  

    Written by Thomas Hu & Jesper Green

    Edited by Jesper Green

  • Codex Interview: Draž Studio

    Codex Interview: Draž Studio

    We sat down with Slovenian designer duo Urška & Tomaž Draž, at the lobby café of Allegro Hotel in Ljubljana, just across the street from their studio, to explore their unique approach to knitwear, their design process and how their design philosophy has evolved in over three decades of work at Draž Studio.

    For those who might not know you yet, how would you introduce yourselves?

    Urška: I’m Urška Draž. I would first introduce myself as a person without a formal profession, as a mother, and then as a designer. I’ve been making clothes since I was six years old — first with the help of my mother and later developing on my own. 

    For more than 30 years now, I’ve been working together with my brother Tomaž at Draž Studio. We create garments that are predominantly knitted — about 90% are fully knitted pieces, while the remaining 10% combine knitwear with woven fabric.

    Tomaž: My name is Tomaž Draž, Urška calls me “Tomo.” I’m also a father of two children. My hobby is my dog — an active sports dog who is also a member of our family.

    For me, my hobby and my job are one and the same. I feel so good at work that I don’t feel the need to go on vacation. I’m responsible for the development and production of knitted textures.

    Where do you usually draw inspiration from, and what role does research play in shaping your creative process?

    Tomaž: Everything is an experiment. There’s always a desire to move forward — progress is the main driving force. And you can only progress by researching and experimenting.

    Urška: At the beginning, when we first started knitting, our experimentation was focused on slightly impractical silhouettes and on researching animal skin structures. We weren’t really thinking about the people who would wear our garments. Today, we experiment more with themes and patterns. But with every experiment, we always keep the final image of the person who will wear the garment in mind — that is our guiding principle. 

    At fashion shows, we always present pieces that are wearable. For me, this is the highest form of textile design. Our clients have been wearing our work for over 30 years — they want functional pieces that are not ordinary. This is where the most research happens. These experiments have become so natural to us that we’re no longer afraid of them, and they don’t take up much time. There’s a kind of “flow” present in our studio.

    We constantly upgrade our work through different stitches, construction methods, knitting techniques, patterns, or uses of materials — we’re always refining

    Tomaž: It’s not about revolutionary changes, but about progress step-by-step. We want to create human-friendly clothing — clothes that work, that are not museum exhibits or collector’s items, but garments that live with people and have a very long lifespan. 

    We focus on using durable materials. After 30 years, we’ve realized that our knitwear is so robust that it’s passed down from generation to generation. People even bring back garments that are 20 years old to be restored so we can extend their lifespan.

    Urška: Not restored in the strict sense — restoration would mean returning something to its original state. We upgrade the pieces, because over the years, especially the female body changes a lot. If earlier we wanted very fitted silhouettes, maybe that’s no longer the case. We renew and adapt the garments so that the cut suits a woman’s current life again.

    I’ve noticed that you prefer not to use wool in your knitwear, which is quite interesting since it’s such a common material in the field. But your  knitwear isn’t just beautiful — it’s also incredibly durable, lasting for decades. What led you to make that choice and how do you make sure the materials you use remain both environmentally friendly and made to last?

    Urška: About 80% of the materials we use are natural; the remaining 20% are synthetic. Among the synthetic ones is yarn recycled from plastic bottles.

    These synthetic materials are durable and warm. When we mix them with viscose and cotton — cellulose-based and plant fibers — they become even more pleasant to wear, durable, and warm.

    Pure wool can be problematic for people who are sensitive to itching; many people are allergic to wool fibers. You also must ensure that garments contain enough natural fibers so people don’t sweat in them, that they’re machine washable, and that they have a long lifespan. We achieve this by blending different components — that’s our specialty.

    Tomaž: A single yarn is always made up of multiple threads. For example, wool, viscose, and cotton are intertwined. This gives knitwear stability. If wool is used in the yarn, polyester is always added, because that makes the wool more durable.

    Urška: The sweater I’m wearing is 10 years old. I just dry it flat — no ironing. We like a simple lifestyle when it comes to clothing, and we don’t like garments that require a lot of maintenance.

    Tomaž: I don’t even own an iron at home. I don’t iron anything. Of course, ironing is very important during the production process. After we knit a piece, we wash it, dry it, and then steam it. That stabilizes the garment, so it keeps its shape.

    Over the years, technology and manufacturing have changed a lot. Recently, you’ve even incorporated AI into your collections — how have these advancements influenced your work, and what has been the biggest challenge in adapting to them?

    Tomaž: We express ourselves a lot through jacquard knitting. At one point, we felt it was a shallow medium, because we wanted everything to be abstract, hand-knitted, and three-dimensional.

    Then we created a portrait using jacquard and realized it could be pleasant and elegant. We started experimenting and discovered that one stitch equals one pixel. That means you can work in Photoshop and use modern image-processing tools. Digital photography and knitted textures are closely related.

    How does AI help you creatively?

    Tomaž: We started working with Photoshop 15 years ago. About three years ago, artificial intelligence entered the picture.

    This year’s collection is already the third one where we’ve used AI. We use it to generate patterns — AI allows you to create patterns that don’t exist in reality, to synthesize different motifs. For example, it can generate crocheted lace made of wooden branches or glass fibers — something new, something fantastical. 

    I see AI as a new tool. Some say it has no soul, but in a way, it does — if you have one.

    You’ve mentioned that your work often involves experimenting with knitting machines and using them in ways they weren’t originally intended for. Does your background in electronics engineering help you innovate within knitwear design, and what role does trial and error play in that process? 

    Tomaž: I have a story about this. Our knitting-machine mechanic once told me that during times of high unemployment, knitwear companies liked hiring electronics engineers as machine operators. You show them how the machine works once, and they remember it.

    I had a similar experience at the beginning of my career. A classmate helped me with work — we were also selling knitting machines at the time. When you sold a machine, you had to assemble it at the client’s place and teach them the basics. I explained it to him once, and he immediately knew everything.

    You’ve been creating under the Draž brand for over 3 decades, since 1988, a time before the internet, online shops, or modern marketing. How do you see the development of the Slovenian fashion scene over this period? How did you source materials, find suppliers, and build recognition for your brand back then, and how has that process evolved over the years?

    Urška: The beginnings were bold and experimental. When I was at university, I dressed myself in my own designs — sometimes I felt like I was wearing a costume. My appearance often made people ask, “Where did you get that?”. That’s how you start building confidence as a designer — you realize that what you’re doing is something others can’t or don’t do.

    We got a lot of magazine articles because we were different. There were also many fashion competitions back then. At a fashion show in Opatija, we presented a collection, and somehow Josipa Lisac happened to be there — she wanted to wear one of our dresses at the show. We didn’t pay anything; it all happened spontaneously.

    At a young designers’ competition in Budapest, Paco Rabanne was on the jury and awarded us first prize. These experiences gave us a sense of worth as designers. At the same time, when we opened our studio on Kotnikova Street, passers-by laughed and asked, “Who would even wear this?” — so we also got plenty of cold showers.

    We started creating things people loved to wear, but we remained true to ourselves. We didn’t adapt just to please others.

    Tomaž: As for materials, there was a local representative for Italian yarns with a wide selection — we still work with him today. In the 1990s, factories required you to buy large quantities of a single material. That would have required huge storage space and finances.

    Today, factories offer “stock service,” meaning you can buy just one cone of different materials and colors.

    Urška: Since Ljubljana Fashion Week started, it’s been much easier. Designers get professional videos and images — a full presentation package that didn’t exist before. We also had the advantage that we wear our own clothes, which builds trust. We don’t sell one thing and live another life. That’s extremely important, especially for micro-designers like us. Trust between designer and client is everything.

    Have you considered expanding to other markets?

    Urška: We had several attempts, all of which ended with our pieces being sold but not paid for. Without our base here and our own store, we could have gone bankrupt several times because of this.

    After such experiences, you ask yourself why you’d even try. We might explore online sales, but we want to maintain a fair, human relationship with customers. We repair old pieces and value direct contact. If we go online, we want a human-centered approach, not one driven by algorithms. That requires development and resources we haven’t reached yet — but that’s our plan.

    Do you think it’s easier or harder for young designers to get started today? Why? Would you do anything differently if you would have started today?

    Urška: I think it’s harder because there’s too much information, too much of everything. It’s harder to build an identity due to social media, and harder to stand out with something truly personal.

    At the same time, it’s easier to present your work. But building a loyal community is harder because the market is saturated. Trust is crucial. I’ll give an example: a client once chose a very bright color. I warned her it might not be right. She insisted. When we started assembling the dress, I felt it was wrong and called her back. I told her I wouldn’t wear such a dress myself. She realized she’d made a mistake.

    We made her a different dress and used the first one elsewhere. We didn’t let that piece leave the studio. That’s how trust is built — by not saying, “You ordered it, now you must take it.” That’s how you gain loyal customers.

    One of your most recognizable collaborations has been with Alpina since 2014. How does designing footwear differ from creating clothing and accessories? Did you knit the shoes yourselves, and what technical challenges did you face along the way?

    Urška: The collaboration is no longer ongoing. Since 2022, when Alpina was sold, there has been no interest in continuing the partnership. Their core focus is sports and alpine footwear. It’s a pity because the response to our work was incredibly positive. We do believe, however, that we’ll make these sneakers again ourselves, as they were a really good product and affordably priced. We updated the base model and wrapped it in knitwear, and I think we’ll develop it again.

    Did you make the knit yourselves?

    Urška: Yes. We developed a special knit that was different from the one used for garments — more durable, using different materials, while the patterns could remain the same. Alongside the wedding dress, we also created matching sneakers. All the knitwear was made in our studio; the footwear was developed as a semi-finished product here. The knit was not applied afterward — each shoe was designed and shaped as part of the process from the start.

    How does the knit differ for footwear?

    Tomaž: You need to focus on durability rather than comfort against the skin, since all the shoes were lined. The knitting could therefore be firmer, and often also much shinier.

    To conclude, what advice would you give to young designers starting out in the fashion industry?

    Urška: They should build their own identity and find someone who can help them tell their story — who they want to become in five years — so they’re not alone in the world. They should find partners who can help them build that narrative and discover a path that is entirely their own, one that no one else has explored yet.

    They should follow as few rules and trends as possible. If you open Instagram today, it’s full of advice that makes you feel like an idiot for not knowing everything. It’s important to be aware of your own value and to remember that as a fashion designer, you work for people, not for your ego.

    The ego must be present, because you need it to grow — but in the end, you must remain humble and grateful that there are people for whom you are able to create.


    Tomaž: I would say they should develop hands-on skills and explore every process — from the very beginning to the final construction of a garment. At the start, they should stand in front of the mirror and build their complete personal image.

    Written by Jakob Pavlovic

    Edited by Thomas Hu

  • Codex Interview: RENÈ

    Codex Interview: RENÈ

    We sat down with Østergaard on a regular cold winter afternoon via Zoom to learn more about his upbringing, his design language, and what is next for the Copenhagen-based designer.


    Presented at the bi-annual fashion fair CIFF (Copenhagen International Fashion Fair) during Copenhagen Fashion Week, Jens Skov Østergaard’s work with RENÈ stood out as a key highlight. We were immediately struck by the rustic, raw materials and the enchanting design language, which merges Thai craftsmanship with Nordic design.

    At the fair, Østergaard showed us the latest collection, “Norse Saga,” at their booth by the main entrance. The story of the collection mesmerised us, with odes to the old, cold, and harsh medieval period. The collection featured unique soldier and peasant-like silhouettes inspired by the Middle Ages, whilst exploring different textures, fabrics, and landscapes, whilst adhering to the synonymous rustic RENÈ aesthetic.

    Østergaard wasn’t always destined to be a fashion designer. Raised as the son of a priest and a doctor and trained to become a nurse, the choice to pursue a career in fashion design feels particularly bold. His participation in the Danish TV programme “Danmarks Næste Tøjdesigner” accelerated his decision to commit to his brand, RENÈ, and to fulfill his creative vision.

    We’ll begin with something easy. Can you please introduce yourself to our readers?

    My name is Jens Skov Østergaard, and I am the creative director of RENÈ, which I run together with my wife, Kridipat. We focus on oversized genderless garments and have a slightly rustic take on unisex clothing. We pay great attention to fabrics and silhouettes to create a contemporary look. Regarding the fabrics, we work a lot with deadstock – our main suppliers for this are furniture companies in Copenhagen. It allows us to create structured, beautiful silhouettes.

    What types of work does your wife do at RENÈ?
    We are both designers; she is from Thailand, where we produce a lot of our garments. She is our connection to the manufacturers and also handles logistics, communication, and our social media presence. My wife has a part in our designs, too, of course. I’d say our roles are quite mixed, and, in a way, we do everything together.

    Based on our research, you developed an affection and interest in fashion at a young age. Picking up interest in clothes, and textiles specifically, what initially piqued your interest, and how did it evolve into fashion design? 

    My grandmother used to sew and introduced me to it when I was very young. At that point in time, it didn’t really catch my attention – I had too much energy to sit down and work with a sewing machine. Years went by, and then I developed an interest in fashion in general, whilst studying medicine in Aalborg. I eventually quit my studies in order to pursue a career in fashion. I like human anatomy, and how you can manipulate the body with oversized clothes. I later applied for fashion school, where I met my wife, who was already working as a designer for a brand. That was how it all started. She had all the connections in Thailand; over there, everything is a bit simpler when it comes to production. I started making a suit, produced it in Thailand, and sold a few pieces; that is basically the beginning of our story. This eventually allowed me to experiment more freely with the type of garments I wanted to make.

    How did the decision to manufacture your clothes in Thailand come to fruition? Was it something you both unanimously agreed was a sensible way forward?

    Kridipat already had her own brand, for which the manufacturing took place there. It was very simple, I could bring a pattern or a sample to a manufacturer, and they would make it in no time. The idea of creating my own brand, at the time, was more of a fun side gig and a hobby. It wasn’t something I intentionally pursued; I wasn’t setting up brand directions and business plans. It was more of a: “Ok, I have a fairly good understanding of how things work” – that is how it all came together, I’d say.
    Later on, right before I started working on my bachelor’s project, I received a message from a scout working for the Danish TV programme  “Danmarks Næste Tøjdesigner”. They told me to apply, which I did, and it went very well as I managed to reach the final. Meanwhile, I had to create my bachelor’s project on the side, which gave me a lot of motivation to keep pushing myself. I wouldn’t say it was the reason I decided to focus fully on RENÈ, but it really instigated me to work on my brand after I finished my degree. And now I am here, two years and four collections later, which is fun.

    How did the TV programme, “Denmark’s Next Fashion Designer,” impact you as a person, and most importantly, as a designer?

    Very fast and intense. We didn’t really have time to work on the details of our garments. I had to go with my intuition a lot more because they gave us a very strict timeframe. It taught me how to adapt to these circumstances, which are applicable in the industry. It also made me trust my own design language more. Apart from that, it was just a fun experience in general. I don’t think it had much of a bigger impact on me on a personal level.

    RENÈ AW 26 – Image courtesy of RENÈ

    You were also working on RENÈ at the time, correct?
    Yes, so at the time our collections were essentially small batch drops – two jackets, three shirts, and two sets of trousers, that was over a timespan of eight months or so, because we obviously didn’t do seasonal collections.

    Where does the brand name RENÈ come from?
    We decided on the name because we wanted something genderless, so we went through a lot of names which had a clean aesthetic but still matched our brand identity. That is basically it.

    You did one of your internships at FINE CHAOS, correct?
    Yes, it was my first internship at the very start of their brand’s journey. I also interned at two other brands.

    FINE CHAOS’ design language is different from your own and RENÈ’s, albeit there are some similarities. How did your time there and in the other internships shape you as a designer?
    I enjoy their work and their rustic details. I’ve done three internships in total. One was in Italy, at Calcaterra, a womenswear brand – I’d categorise them as a niche luxury brand with oversized garments. Daniele Calcaterra was the key motivator for me; he really pushed me in the direction I’m now in design-wise. He also introduced me to an advanced patternmaker who had been at Louis Vuitton – I was around 24 at the time, and  fell in love with all the work I was exposed to, with oversized silhouettes, big sleeves – fluid yet strict.

    We can see that your time there really shaped your work now that you mention it. There are plenty of influences woven into how you create your silhouettes.

    Exactly. We are mainly focusing on genderless clothing, but our primary target is essentially men. Giorgio Armani is another key inspiration for me, who introduced this masculine silhouette into womenswear, so he’s a very good reference point for me personally.

    Do you enjoy the more “classy” aspects of clothing?

    I do, but with a twist. We are moving more into tailoring and a more utility-like approach to our garments.

    We see an increasing number of designers, especially fresh graduates, starting their own brands. You are one of many. What led you to make that decision, and what type of difficulties and challenges have you faced so far?

    I partook in the TV programme, and simultaneously ran my webshop on the side, so it never really felt like a choice per se. My wife thought that it was the time to go for it: “You have the momentum now, why would you wait five years when it has already started?” At the same time, having your own brand is so: “Oh my god”. I finished school and took RENÈ full-time straight from the get-go. Now it is completely different, and a different reality; we currently have a studio with three interns. There were so many things that I had no experience or knowledge of. Everything from buyers to press, all these things, whilst also focusing on designing and planning collections – it is a lot of work. It forces you to absorb so much knowledge that would have been easier to gain whilst working at another brand, because you’d be able to learn as you go. But you’d also gain insights into when to drop your new season’s collections, the wholesale aspect, and how to manage your production, shipping, and exporting products. There are just so many things that would have been nice to have had some experience with. My recommendation for new designers would be to work at a brand for at least two years to prepare, because you will make so many mistakes on your own, and it’ll cost you time, energy, and money.

    The business aspects of this industry are quite tough, and it’s not something that you’re ever really prepared for. I assume you don’t receive any type of business-related education during your fashion studies?

    No, no, no. Now I spend a lot of time on Excel sheets, and that is me learning it from scratch. It starts with the most basic things, such as setting up your prices with linesheets. And there are so many similar things that you’d be prepared for if you went to business school. But when you’re studying fashion, you get no head start or experience with it. At the same time, it’s a lot of fun, and if you enjoy it, I think it’s definitely worth going for.

    RENÈ AW26 – Image courtesy of RENÈ

    RENÈ is based in Copenhagen, a city that hosts one of the biggest fashion weeks, and as it continues to grow, so does the local competition.
    This means you need a clearer brand identity and, more importantly, a more unique story to tell. How have you managed to set yourself apart from the rest?

    I absolutely love the city. I think our aesthetic is just very different from other brands, especially here. You can find more similarities with Asian brands. Most of the designers I look up to are Asian, not all of them, but most. I am more drawn to the Asian ways of working with patterns compared to the European way. It might sound a bit arrogant to say, but I think we’re quite different. It can make things a bit harder, however, because we have to grow our own niche client base; we don’t have the luxury to just tap into something more Scandinavian. At the same time, Copenhagen is a great base, and from outside of Europe, people seem to really love the city. The city is getting more traction and hype from abroad. We have cool cafés, restaurants, Copenhagen Fashion Week, and CIFF, which has been super helpful to me; they really pushed us. Similar concepts don’t really exist elsewhere in the world.

    Could you tell us about some of the Asian designers you’re inspired by?
    Song Zio, or Songzio the brand, made a really amazing collection this season. I love Uma Wang; she makes crazy cool stuff, and I like Ziggy Chen too. There are also some more deconstructive brands that I like, which are different from us, but are very inspiring.
    Calcaterra is another one, incredible, perfect tailoring, all made in Italy, and very impressive finishing. Hed Mayner, too, with some very cool silhouettes for menswear, and cool textures. Most of my inspirations are fairly new designers to the general public, with fresh takes and not shaped too much by heritage.

    How has CIFF helped you, and RENÈ specifically?

    CIFF was essentially the first one to believe in us. It can be quite hard to get attention from people within the industry, but they quickly helped us by saying that we bring something new to the market. They gave us a good booth at the venue, boosting our visibility and helping us connect with buyers for our brand, including us on their social media channels. It matters so much to us to have them backing us and believing in us.

    You state on your site that “RENÈ blends Scandinavian restraint with Eastern precision.” Could you tell us a bit more about that and your research process to keep in line with that statement?
    In terms of Scandinavian restraint, I feel like we are still keeping it “clean” in a way, maybe not minimal, but we mainly focus on our silhouettes. Our Asian influence comes from paying a lot of attention to oversized loose-fit shapes, especially when it comes to patternmaking. We utilise the Thai heritage by working with local manufacturers. We use a lot of Japanese fabrics for our garments too. We essentially mix the two different design styles of Scandinavia and parts of Asia. My wife, with her background, obviously has different perspectives on design, and we merge our views very well. For example, the collection just presented, we drew inspiration from the early medieval Nordic era. Everything was very, very raw and rough – we combined those emotions and aesthetics whilst exploring moss-like textures, and more rustic drapery. We reinterpreted all this through Asian fabrics, combining both worlds, and tried to create a contemporary way of seeing the two very different clothing styles in one. 

    We see more brands opting for deadstock fabrics and materials. Do you think that it sometimes limits your capacity to design and produce clothes that you had first envisioned, or does it allow you to challenge yourself and become more creative?

    For sure, you have to be more creative because you are very limited with what you can do and design. You have to come up with new ways of utilising the fabrics in your designs. Because we’re not creating our own fabrics, it’s not entirely made in the way we might want. We may only have one or two colour variations of a certain fabric, and the fabric’s thickness might not always be what we want for a certain design, either, so you have to find ways to adapt and accept that this is what you have to work with. At the same time, it can be fun, too, because it’ll challenge you and make you think:  “How can I incorporate this fabric into this design?” It helped me develop as a designer. For example, we had a very cool Indian deadstock fabric that I wanted to utilise, and I had to ask myself how I would use it.

    You use Computer-Aided Design in your design development process. Could you give us insight into what it’s like to work with CAD?
    You can basically use it for many things, but we mainly use CLO 3D as a design tool. It’s a key part of our process when we create our patterns, but that doesn’t stop us from creating patterns more traditionally, on the table. For example, you can immediately see the silhouette, the colour-way, the textures – you then render it and get a clearer idea of how the garment will look. It’s a fantastic way for us to conduct our patternmaking, and it is easy to experiment with different shapes and ideas – although you might still have to create a physical sample and develop it. But in general, it’s just a great tool for fashion design. 

    We create samples in the program;  we later print out the pattern and turn it into a physical sample. We incorporate both methods when we create our samples. But it allows us to create different variations of the same design, especially if you only want to make minor tweaks, such as different colour-ways or shapes, it saves a lot of time and fabric. For us, it’s just a faster way to experiment with our designs.

    With technology evolving and fashion design becoming more simplified, especially with tools like CAD, do you think that there’s a potential loss of love for the more traditional way of patternmaking? 

    Maybe, but I think if you are really good at patternmaking on the table, you will prefer that. Even if you are really good at CAD, it won’t directly translate into a good sample on the table; you have to be good at both to make the correct adjustments and notice potential flaws or issues in the design. It is essentially just patternmaking on the computer, but you need to understand the fundamentals of patternmaking in general. 


    One of your parents is a priest, and you previously studied to become a nurse. Both of those professions require a uniform, and some of your designs come in the same colour-way, silhouettes and more, essentially turning them into sets. Would you say that a part of your design language is to make garments more of an everyday uniform rather than individual pieces?
    I see clothes as an everyday uniform, yes. I want to stick with something that you can easily mix and match. I also love wearing sets myself, and I think it looks very cool on others, too. We design our clothes for longevity by making it easy to mix and match our garments from previous seasons with the latest season. But as a uniform? Yes, I am so used to uniforms; my father is a doctor, I was a nurse, so uniforms have always been around me, and I like wearing them. I like to see people wear the whole RENÈ-look with a bomber jacket and trousers together.

    Before we wrap things up, what is next for you and RENÈ, and what is the end goal?

    Funnily enough, my wife and I were joking around yesterday that we wanted to be part of the LVMH Prize. It’s tough, and we’re many years away from it. I mean, we just want to get our clothes out in the world and have a sustainable, healthy business. We want to set ourselves apart by making nice, distinctive clothes which people will cherish. We’re going to Milan in two weeks to present our autumn/winter collection, which is exciting.

    As RENÈ’s adventure continues through the classic streets of Milan, we eagerly await what they have in store for us for the next iteration of Copenhagen Fashion Week in August. The in-depth knowledge we’ve gained about Jens, his personal story, and RENÈ allows us to further explore and follow their journey as they take another step towards further success.

    Interview conducted on: 13/02/2026 13:00

    Written by Jesper Green

    Edited by Wonne Scrayen